生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 38-.doi: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2095-1736. 2021. 04. 038

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

上海市售牡蛎中诺如病毒的污染及基因型和流行趋势分析

  

  1. 1. 上海海洋大学食品学院,上海201306; 2.农业农村部水产品质量安全贮藏保鲜风险评估实验室(上海),上海201306

  • 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 喻勇新,博士,高级工程师,硕士生导师,研究方向为诺如病毒在环境及食品中的传播机制及其风险溯源与风险评估,E-mail:yx-yu@shou.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:贾添慧,硕士研究生,研究方向为食源性病毒,E-mail:710242668@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划重点专项(2017YFC1600703);国家自然科学基金项目(31601570)

Contamination,genotypeandepide miological trendsofnorovirus inoysters collected from the market in Shanghai

  1. 1. College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2. Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai),Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
  • Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-08-18

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摘要： 为了检测和分析上海市售牡蛎中诺如病毒(Norovirus,NoV)的基因型和流行病学特征,为牡蛎中NoV的风险摘防控要和食用安全评估提供支撑,2017年10月至2019年10月,在上海市随机抽样,采集牡蛎样品,应用巢式RT-PCR方法检测,使用Norovirus genotyping tool结合系统发育分析序列并进行基因分型;从时间分布和基因型分布两个方面进行基因型和流行病学分析。检测牡蛎样品共633只,阳性检出率为22. 1%(140 /633),11月至次年2月为牡蛎中NoV污染的高峰期。共检出8种基因型:GI. 3(62例)、GI. 4(21例)、GI. 9(1例)、GII. 4(30例)、GII. 3(29例)、GII. 12(13例)、GII. 2(6例)和GII. 17(4例)。第一年检出基因型以GI型为主(89. 4%),主要为GI. 3(67. 1%)和GI. 4(22. 4%);第二年以GII型为主(90. 1%),分别为GII. 3 (35. 8%)、GII. 4 (30. 9%)、GII. 12(12. 3%)、GII. 2 (7. 4%)和GII. 17 (3. 7%)。其中,在25份样品中同时检测到GII. 3和GII. 4的混合污染,1例GI. 9和GII. 3的混合污染。结果表明在两年内牡蛎源NoV优势基因型发生从GI型到GII型的转变,推测极有可能受到外因即人类活动的影响,呼吁加强对水质和牡蛎养殖区的人类活动的控制以减少NoV食源性疾病发生。NoV的暴发具有很强的冬季季节性,而人中NoV的流行株还在环境中循环;多基因型污染不仅为NoV基因重组创造机会,也加剧了牡蛎的食用风险,因此有关部门应加强宣传,避免在NoV暴发期食用,尤其是避免生食牡蛎。

关键词: 诺如病毒, 牡蛎, 污染, 基因型, 流行病学趋势

Abstract: This study experimentally investigated and analyzed the genotype and epidemiological features of norovirus isolated from oys-ters collected from the market in Shanghai, to provide strong support for the prevention and control of NoV and the risk assessment ofoyster consumption. To avoid contingency, oysters were randomly collected in Shanghai from October 2017 to October 2019. Then, NoV was detected by applying nested RT-PCR. And, norovirus genotyping tool integrated with phylogenetic was used to analyze se-quences and genotyping. Genotype and epidemiological analyses were performed in terms of temporal distribution and genotype distribu-tion. A total of 633 oyster samples were detected, with a positive rate of 22.1% (140 /633). Eight genotypes were found in oysters,mainly included GI. 3 (62 cases), GI. 4 (21 cases), GI. 9 (1 case), GII. 4 (30 cases), GII. 3 (29 cases), GII. 12 (13 cases),GII. 2 (6 cases) and GII. 17 (4 cases). The collected data showed that peak season for NoV outbreak in oysters occured from Novem-ber to February. For the first year (89. 4%), GI was given priority, such as GI. 3 (67. 1%) and GI. 4 (22. 4%). However, GII wasdominated in the second year (90. 1%), including GII. 3 (35. 8%), GII. 4 (30. 9%), GII. 12 (12. 3%), GII. 2 (7. 4%) and GII.17 (3. 7%) respectively. Total 25 cases of GII. 3 and GII. 4, 1 case of GII. 9 and GII. 3 were detected by showing co-contamination.The results showed that the dominant genotype could change from GI to GII within two years, which helped to predict that it was likelyto be affected by external factors, such as human activities. Therefore, the study appealed to strengthen the control of water quality andhuman activities in oyster farms to reduce outbreaks of NoV, which had strong winter seasonality of outbreaks. Furthermore, epidemic strains of NoV among humans were still circulating in the environment. Multi-genotypes co-contamination not only gave chances for NoVgenetic recombination, but also exacerbated the risk of oyster consumption for Norovirus. Therefore, relevant departments should in-crease the intensity of conducting propaganda to warn people not to eat oysters, especially raw oysters during NoV􀆳s high-occurrence season during the winter.

Key words: norovirus, oysters, contamination, genotype, epidemiological trends

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